So yes you can use liquid nails type adhesives but you will be better off with their general construction adhesive than the milder stuff designed for polystyrene.
How to glue silicone foam mat.
Since you are working with foam mats you can slice into the foam to give more contact area for the adhesive.
Spray a solvent based activator accelerator aa on either the silicone rubber or metal.
Rough the silicone rubber and the metal with a low grit coarse sand paper.
People like permabond and loctite can do them.
Liberally apply adhesive coating both pieces and allow about 10 seconds for the glue to become tacky.
It is fairly easy to obtain at hardware or big box home improvement stores.
Bonding the foam together.
The silicone glue is an adaptable bonding and sealing adhesive that allows you to manipulate foam rubber as the glue dries.
Epoxy silicone vinyl caulk and many other glues and adhesives will work.
Synthetic foam and silicone are good partners.
Silicone glue works best on silicone rubber.
Warm the polypropylene surface with a hair dryer or heat gun.
To glue silicone rubber to metal.